Human Resources in Riordan Manufacturing Essay

When people think of the responsibilities of a human resources department, they may say they are responsible for the hiring and firing of employees. The truth of the matter is that a human resources management is responsible for much more than just hiring and firing. The human resources management is responsible for hiring qualified people, training employees to do their jobs according to company policies, motivate their employees and be able to support productive employees. Riordan Manufacturing has a good human resources department, which maintains an innovative and team-oriented work environment. Riordan Manufacturing mainly recruits employees outside the company via entry –level positions. There is also an internal job posting for employees to take advantage of new job opportunities. The method Riordan Manufacturing uses to recruit qualified employees is through online advertisements via Monstor.com, local newspapers, employee referrals, temp agencies, and job conferences. The plant in China uses contract workers for engineering, and IT positions. Riordan Manufacturing seeks qualified people for jobs, but the company does not conduct reference test as well as drug testing of potential employees. When concerning training and development, Riordan Manufacturing has a mandatory training program for employees within their 90 days of hire. New employees have to attend orientation on their first day on the job. For production and shipping and quality employees, they have to go through Six Sigma training. New supervisors are required to go through training workshops within 12 months of becoming a supervisor. Such workshops include interviewing guidelines, preventing EEO claims as well as workplace sexual harassment, and finally performance reviews. Riordan Manufacturing also has incentive programs for outstanding employees. There are three types of programs Riordan Manufacturing use to recognize outstanding employees. 1. Outstanding Employee Award 2. Employee Suggestion Program 3. Seniority Awards Riordan Manufacturing HR system Riordan Manufacturing implemented it’s HRIS (Human Resource Information Systems) in 1992. This system manages employee information such as the following: 1. Personal information 2. Pay rate 3. Personal exemptions for tax purposes 4. Hire dates 5. Seniority date 6. Organizational information 7. Vacation hours If an employee has to make any changes to his or her information, he or she has to submit it in writing on a special form. That information is entered later by a payroll clerk. The training and development specialist kept track of training and development records via Excel worksheets. In order for recruiters to maintain applicant’s information, all resumes are filed in a central storage area and are track via an Excel spreadsheet. Riordan Manufacturing employs a third party provider to keep track of workers’ compensation. Individual managers keep track of employee’s files and are also responsible for tacking FMLA absences as well as requests for accommodation. A compensation manager keeps results of job analyses, salary surveys and individual compensation decisions via Excel spreadsheet. Complaints, grievances, harassment complaints, as well as ethical issues are managed and tracked by employee relations specialists. HR Needed Systems Riordan Manufacturing’s current HRIS needs an up-to-date face lift. Instead of having different individuals managing employee’s vital information, Riordan Manufacturing needs to invest in human resources software. Implementing the software would increase the efficiency of their current HRIS. It would ease the burden of keeping track of all the employees’ information. References University of Phoenix (2012). Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization. Retrieved from BSA/500 – Business Systems II course website.

Prior Knowledge Deficit Essay

Prior knowledge comes from visual experiences, seeing those mental pictures of a subject. Prior knowledge comes before understanding what readers read, or understanding the subject. A deficit in prior knowledge inhibits student learning by taking away their educational experiences and replacing them with standardized testing. To begin with, prior knowledge plays an important role in enabling students to learn to read, and to read to learn. First, learning to read starts in kindergarten and continues through third grade, where teachers use books called primers. Primers teach students how to read because they tell stories about subjects that students already have visual experience with, such as family, friends, food, pets, or games. Since students know the basic information about such subjects, when they are being taught how to read, they understand the primers. Finally, when students enter fourth grade, they begin reading textbooks to learn about science and social studies. These students developed prior knowledge of science and social studies from kindergarten through third grade, when they attended field trips to zoos and museums, watched educational films, and completed science projects. If they learned this basic information about the natural world of science, and about the human world of social studie s, students are able to understand their textbooks. As a result, they can add new knowledge to further their education. Additionally, many students struggle with the prior knowledge deficit because of standardized testing. First of all, standardized testing takes time away from educational experience by using all the time and money on the tests. Teachers use the time on teaching students how to become test takers, instead of educating them in different experiences of the world. In the past, schools would take students on field trips to teach them mostly about science, and social studies. However, such field trips cost a lot of money; money that is currently being used on standardized tests. On one hand, traditional education consisted of students reading and writing to understand and explain the knowledge of the world. On the other hand, now day’s students are test takers, and they use their reading and writing skills for the test, just like knowledge is used to memorize all the information without understanding it. Teachers need to focus on this method because they are evaluated by the student s test scores. To summarize, prior knowledge deficit hinders students learning by taking away their educational experiences and focusing their time on standardized testing. A solution to the prior knowledge deficit is for teachers to dedicate more time on teaching students about subjects that will be used later on in further education, rather than teaching students how to become test takers.

Challenges facing managers today Research Paper

Challenges facing managers today - Research Paper Example And within this transformation in environment, managers have to change to become a change mentor, an employee advocate or sponsor, and a strategic partner within their organizations. In order to be successful, management is required to be a business driven activity with a comprehensive understanding of the big picture of the organization and have the capacity to affect significant policies and decisions. Generally, the focus of today’s manager should be on strategic technological planning, talents development, and personnel retention. Managers should also be succession planners, coaches, mentors, and counselors to help motivate workers and their loyalty (Daniel & Radenbaugh, 2001). This paper will look at the challenges facing managers today. The paper will take a position and support it using information from relevant research. It is evident that today’s managers are faced with a number of challenges. The following include some of the most apparent challenges. A lack o f resources in an organization can cause grave predicaments for a manager. A lack of resources may make the organization face cutbacks on significant things. This requires the manager to be economically minded and creative when this type of circumstance occurs. It is essential that a manager learns to make the most of what is available and check accessible resources to ensure they are not misused. Managers should also device ways of lessening costs on things which are of nominal significance so that there will be resources for necessary materials. Lack of resources may also have a negative impact on the training of employees (Brickley, Smith, Zimmerman & Willett, 2000). During training, organizations should have budgeted finances for travelling, accommodation, among other needs. If the managers cannot raise the finances to facilitate this, the workers will not have the means of gaining competitive skills, negatively affecting the performance of the organization. Another challenge fa cing the managers of today is their recognition towards input to business access and realization of the objectives of the organization. Some organizations do not see the significance of appointing managers when they have heads of different departments. Technological advancement is another challenge that managers have to deal with. Today, technological advancements are on the rise more than in the early period. Modern technology has to be utilized if an organization wants to provide goods and services which are cost effective, relevant, and congruent with the needs of the society. Therefore, managers face the significant challenge of raising the initial cost of acquiring, running, and maintaining modern technology. This is also made worse by the brief existence of a large number of technological inventions which imply that managers have to reinvest in contemporary technology often in order to protract their relevance (Hollen, Van, Frans & Volberda, 2013). This graph illustrates the i dea that technological progress is both a continuous opportunity and a continuous danger to the organization. Trade unions are another challenge facing the managers. Trade unions can be extremely cruel when it comes to negotiation and they may urge the workers to engage in striking activities. This has a negative impact

Management and Leadership Paper on Starbucks Case Study

Management and Leadership Paper on Starbucks - Case Study Example Organizational culture can be defined as "personality of the business organization" which can further be broken down into its values, assumptions, norms, and tangible sign of behavior of its members. At Starbucks two of the most prominent values are corporate social responsibility and its treatment of employees as strategic partner. The establishment of organizational culture as will be presented later is linked to the company's ability of utilize the four management functions in order to lead the organization. Management is often confused with leadership. There are four basic management functions namely planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Thus, it should be noted that management includes leadership since managers have to deal with persons who are lower in rank. In the case of Starbucks, its organizational culture is established through its managers who performed all these functions efficiently. In terms of planning, the company ensures that it undertakes strategic plans before starting its operation and modifying in response to the trends and developments in its external environment. The success of Starbucks can be largely attributed to its high regard to its employees which it treats as partner. Recognizing that it is its baristas who deal with the customers, it planned to align its human resources to its goal of profitability and provision of excellent service. Through the four functions of management, this plan has been put in place. The specialty coffee retailer is now recognized as one of the best places to work for because of its organizational structure, the relationship between its employees, its unique values, and its employment of modern human resource management techniques. It should be noted that the business organization efficiently uses its human resource in order to enhance its image and maximize its profitability. In its business operation, it is irrefutabl e that the company has strategically aligned its workforce in order to achieve its specific goals and objectives. This includes designing an organizational structure which highlights the revolution in human resource management. In terms of organizing, it can be seen the Starbucks has taken effort in order for its employees to know their role in the business organization. The specialty coffee retailer makes a barista knowledgeable about his or her day to day activities inside of the store premises. Starbucks organize its workforce by giving them instructions on what to do on specific situations. However, the company allows for the discretion of the staff which are in-charge of the company's operation. The function of leading can be seen through the company's organizational structure. Leading has always been a task which is not considered lightly at Starbucks. However, leading has not been a rigid function of the manager because most of the baristas are empowered. The company's rationale in empowering its people is to enable them to deliver the best service that they could for the customers. Thus, the primary governing body at Starbucks is comprised of the Office of the Chairman and the Board of Directors which "receives substantial input from other senior level executives including senior vice president of

Make up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Make up - Essay Example Moreover, the plan requires all businesses and workers to abide by these rules. For a long time Republican and Democratic presidents used legal authority in dealing with the issue. However, President Obama took a commonsense approach. The approach by the President relies on his executive authority to ensure everyone is accountable and capable of following the law in contributing to the US. The president took the approach as the country anticipates for the Congress and Republicans to act. No hindrances exist that can affect the president’s decision since US constitution as well as Immigration and Naturalization Act offer the Executive authority to come up with enforcement priorities that improve the way agencies apply the law. US Supreme Court agrees on this. The executive authority allows both Democrat and Republican presidents to act on immigration. All presidents after President Eisenhower have legal authority that enables them to deal with immigration (The White House). For a long time, the US immigration system has been broken making it pointlessly difficult for the country to draw the best talent around the globe. Skilled workers usually wait for years or even decades before obtaining green cards to allow them contribute fully to the country’s economy and gain citizenship with time. Entrepreneurs lack devoted immigration corridor to allow them develop their enterprises and create jobs in the country. Every year, the country’s universities educate a number of well talented students only to coerce them to return to their country of origin and compete against the US. Through the executive action by the President, the immigration system is set to enhance immigration of highly skilled workers, entrepreneurs, and graduates (The White House). In the past, skilled immigrants got temporary work visas. Only in cases where no American employees available to

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration Research Proposal

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration - Research Proposal Example It has been estimated that the added cost to the federal government will be more than $15 billion per year when the present illegal aliens become citizens and begin collecting welfare benefits. The proposed bill will add greatly to this number because it will encourage a new surge of low skilled workers through its guest worker program. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immi ¬grants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citi ¬zens. The estimated long-term cost of overall federal benefits could exceed $50 billion per year for the parents of the 10 million beneficiaries of amnesty. â€Å"In the long run, the bill, if enacted, would be the largest expansion of the welfare state in 35 years† (Rector, 2006). Approximately half of current illegal immigrants do not possess a high-school level education. Welfare use among this group and for low-skill immigrants granted amnesty is three times the rate for the U.S. born citizens.

Personal financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal financial planning - Essay Example However where this healthcare system differs is that the insurance would not be run for profit and healthcare is provided to all people. Beveridge: This system of healthcare owes its namesake to William Beveridge who helped spearhead reforms in Great Britain’s National Health Service. Ultimately funding was to be drawn from taxpayers so the healthcare system becomes a government run institution (Like the fire departments, police forces, schools etc.) Many doctors and hospitals would be run and paid for by the government, and there would be private doctors & specialists who would receive payments from the government. Some hospitals (Such as veterans hospitals) may be run like this in the U.S. but overall this does not closely resemble the overall American system. Medicare: This loosely resembles the Canadian model which is sort of a hybrid of both the Bismarck and Beveridge systems. There exists both a private sector provider (Bismarck) but funding also comes from the governmen t which draws its funding from the tax base (Beveridge). So in essence there is no real incentive to deny claims insofar as there is no incentive to generate a profit.

Siemenss knowledge management strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Siemenss knowledge management strategy - Essay Example This essay discusses that the ability of the government to protect and make effective use of the intellectual capital of the workforce declines with an increase of the retirement rate among the federal workforce. The agency loses its timely decision making ability with the lack of critical knowledge. Where there is lack of knowledge management, agencies are neither able to execute their projects in a timely manner nor they able to complete the project within the estimated cost. Having assessed this dilemma, a representative of the Aberdeen Group said, â€Å"Knowledge workers today are losing productivity in an endless search for information they know resides in the organization but is not easily accessible†. One way for an agency to spread the critical knowledge of program to a wide range of stakeholders is by implementing an effective knowledge framework along with an enterprise-wide strategy of knowledge management. Teams benefit from this flexibility by gaining a way to com prehend the effects as well as interdependencies of the constantly changing environments along the project’s life. The data an agency has at a certain point in time is nothing more than mere representation of the temporal circumstances. There needs to be an appropriate knowledge management strategy in place to understand the relation of the data with different variables and to use it in the decision making process. The knowledge management strategy enables the workers to use the knowledge in the decision making process as they are able to completely understand different aspects of the knowledge. This paper looks into the knowledge management strategies implemented by the Siemens Company. Literature Review The Frid’s Knowledge Management Model Various strategies and models have been conventionally proposed for knowledge management. One of such models is the Frid’s Knowledge Management Model. The Frid’s Knowledge Management Model divides the assessment leve ls of knowledge management maturity into five levels. These five levels are â€Å"knowledge chaotic, knowledge aware, knowledge focused, knowledge managed, and knowledge centric† (Haslinda and Sarinah, 2009, p. 195). The first level proposes that organizations tend to comprehend and implement the Frid framework of knowledge management by working upon the vision, objectives, and indices of knowledge management. In order to optimize on their potential of knowledge management, organizations tend to advocate and adapt the departmental vision of knowledge management. The second level of knowledge awareness considers organizations to be at a higher step than the ones at knowledge chaotic. At this point, organizations need to focus on the development on a road map of knowledge management and a collaborative working with the office of knowledge management. The third level requires organizations to cover the aspects of implantation just like in the lower two levels. At this level, org anizations need to integrate the knowledge management into the process engineering, develop initial infrastructure of service, training and knowledge management, and make the budgets inclusive of knowledge management. â€Å"[T]he fourth level termed as knowledge managed adopt the fundamental activities suggested in level one, two and three other than organizations should attempt to embed knowledge management in performance reviews and also in business plans apart† (Haslinda and Sarinah, 2009, p. 193). Knowledge centric is the highest level of the implementation maturity of knowledge mana

Coursework on Land Law Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

On Land Law - Coursework Example The required duration is usually three years and where there are children; the duration may be two years. There is a presumption of marriage between Angelina and Brad because they moved in the year 2005 and the present year is 2012. Cohabitors are not afforded the same legal status a civil marriage attracts (Jackson, 2012)1. In a civil marriage, the courts have power to divide the assets of the couple in affair way. The division of the assets should meet the needs of the separated parties and their children. In the UK, there is no recognition of claims made by a ‘common law’ wife or husband (claims arising solely as a result of the relationship). The courts cannot adjust ownership of assets belonging to separating spouses. They can only interpret intentions. The power to interpret is limited to certain classes of assets, mostly, property occupied by the couple during cohabitation. Courts cannot make orders relating to pensions of the parties. The power to interpret is al so limited to certain circumstances. Secondly, they decided to move in together and have a fresh start in a new home, Aniston Villa. To acquire the desired home, Angelina contributes her private savings, ?40,000 as a deposit and the remaining purchase price, ?250,000 is provided with a mortgage from Celeb Bank. Angelina does not want the Aniston Villa to become a subject in her divorce proceedings. The property is registered in the sole name of Brad. Angelina lacks legal co-ownership in the family home. Brad decided last month that he does not want to continue the relationship. He is willing to refund Angelina the ?40,000 deposit she contributed to for acquisition of the land. Brad does not want to allow Angelina any share in the property. Generally, matrimonial home is not disputed unless the spouses are separating. The statement is true to the case of Angelina and Brad. Determination of the rights of Angelina and Brad in Anston Villa is now very important. Courts have a corrective power in determining disputes in cases of separation2. However this power cannot be exercised in favor of cohabitants. Cohabiters without a legal co-ownership in the family home, like Angelina, have to ascertain an equitable interest. A cohabiter can now claim for compensation for any economic contributions made during cohabitation. The cohabiter must prove they have incurred economic disadvantage. This covers scenarios where one party has financially contributed to acquisition of property even if the property is registered in the name of one party. The law operates to create an imputed trust of land (Thomas M., 2012-2013)3. Imputed trusts consist of resulting and constructive trusts. Where A provides consideration but the title to property vests in the sole name of B, the property is held by B on resulting trust for A to the extent of A’s contribution. The resulting trust can be rebutted by prove of contrary intention that A did not intend the property to be held on trust b y B. In determining existence of a resulting trust, courts will look into the intention of the parties. An equitable interest can be established by prove of financial contribution. Financial contribution is vital in determining beneficial ownership of the family home. Constructive trusts arise by

Payroll system Essay Example for Free

Payroll system Essay A study or a project of this volume can never be the outcome of a single person or just a mere group of dedicated students. We are indebted to our subject teacher for being the epitome of guidance during the entire project. We are also thankful to our, HOD, Computer science Dept. for their encouragement. Without their help this project would not have seen the light of day. We are happy to present a vote of thanks to them for their sincere advice and co-operation that they have lent us unconditionally. SYNOPSIS : This is in-house system , entirely processed by hand. Where it will used to maintain the set of new employee with salary details, And the calculation of salary. The main output of the system is , to interactively calculate the salary of employee. 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE : We don’t have any big organizational profile as such. We mainly focus on completing our work within the given stipulated time and also fulfilling the requirements of the end user with our software product. 1. 2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT : The main purpose of the system is to calculate the monthly salary on the basis of the attendance of employee and the entered salary(included all types of tax and deductions). 1. 3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 1. 3. 1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION : CPU -Intel Core 2 Duo E7300 RAM 1GB (MIN) Hard disk 160GB Operating System Windows XP with Service Pack 3 (CHT) 1. 3. 2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION PLATFORM : JAVA IDE : Eclipse DATABASE : Microsoft Access OS : Windows 1. 3. 3 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION : Simple payroll system is implemented in java platform. Main aim of this project is to develop a software application for organization through which they can mange financial information of employees. Using this application organization will manage employee salary. Details are maintained in database for future use. 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2. 1EXISTING SYSTEM : In existing system still many organizations use manual methods for managing employees salary. Payments are given to hand which is not a effective method. This method will not provide pay related information for employees when they apply for bank loans. Also, in existing system it is hard to retrieve old data because data is maintained in records there is chances of loosing data in this method. 2. 2 PROPOSED SYSTEM : In order to solve this problem we will develop a payroll system through which different aspects of employee information is maintained. In our system data is managed in centralized database so retrieving old data is easy. Thus , data is got through a single application. 3. CONCLUSION Thus , the information about the employee can be stored and retrieved at anytime , easily using our simple payroll system. 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY www. google.  com http://docs. oracle. com/javase/tutorial/index. html 5. SCOPE OF FUTURE ENHANCEMENT This project has many future applications like it can be used in any of the Retail Outlet of Any Type companies. This project was build keeping in mind all the requirements of these outlets and they can be implemented in any such type of organization with very few modification. With modifications it can be possible for Employee Attendance to control all retail outlets by connecting them through a network. Because of this software all they need is a Server application and any type of connectivity to that server.

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction Mergers are done to expand the business and improve profitability by companies with mutual consent. Acquisitions occur when one company takes over another which may be friendly or hostile. Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) are actively taking place in the pharmaceutical and biotech organizations and this trend is expected to prevail for the next one to two years. The bio-pharma industry is dynamic and is currently changing focus from RD to licensing and outsourcing. So before any MA activity a strategy formulation is very essential with emphasis on creating a competitive advantage for the business. Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) are generally done with the following motives: to exploit economy of scale, to eliminate duplicated functions, to share managerial expertise, synergy, taxation, market power because of decreased competition. MA that are done with reduced competition as motive are socially unacceptable and illegal as they lead to monopolistic scenarios. The MA may not be successful in generating returns if the deal was closed with a high price due to impulsive and enthusiastic deals. MA also leads to diversification which has proved to be beneficial in stabilizing the returns. A merger or acquisition is an extremely stressful process for those involved: job losses, restructuring, and the imposition of a new corporate culture and identity can create uncertainty, anxiety and resentment among a companys employees. (Appelbaum 2000) Companies focus on the legal and financial issues involved with the MA and fail to pay attention to the long term effects like corporate identity and communication which greatly influence the employee motivation and productivity. The pharmaceutical industry The Indian Pharmaceutical Sector is currently the largest amongst the developing nations. There is a worldwide structural trend evolving in pharmaceuticals and Indian companies play a key role in this framework, driven by their superior biotech and drug synthesis skills, high quality and vertically integrated manufacturing assets, differentiated business models and significant cost advantages. Companies across the world are reaching out to their counterparts to take mutual advantage of the others core competencies in RD, Manufacturing, Marketing and the niche opportunities offered by the changing global pharmaceutical environment. (Shukla 2006) The pharmaceutical sector offers an array of growth opportunities. This sector has always been dynamic in nature and the pace of change has never been as rapid as it is now. To adapt to these changing trends, the Indian pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have evolved distinctive business models to take advantage of their inherent strengths and the Borderless nature of this sector. (Shukla 2006) Environmental factors The changing environment in the bio-pharma industry is driving an increased activity of Mergers and acquisitions. In 2008, sales growth of prescribed drugs globally has reached the lowest rate in since 2001. Along with this slowdown, the pharmaceuticals sector is faced with an increasingly challenging environment resulting from increasing patent expirations, growing generic sales, reducing new drug pipelines and stricter regulations. The biotechnology sector also faces increased regulatory challenges as well as shortage of credit. The patents are getting expired and there is increased competition for generic drugs. Patients are becoming more aware and manage their own conditions. The healthcare models are thus changing. With such environmental pressures increasing the companies resort to MA as a tool for corporate growth. MA do not exceed their cost of capital. Still companies go for MA because of some strategies like increased market strength consolidating for cost reduction broadening geographic coverage pipeline stuffing (Coles 2002) Some recent MA The US and European generics companies are scouting for alliances/buyouts at the back end of the chain, which would allow them to offset any manufacturing cost advantage held by companies in the developing markets. The Indian companies are looking at the front-end integration as building a front-end distribution set-up from scratch could take significant time. (Shukla 2006) There are also entry barriers for companies from the developing countries and acquisitions make it easy for these organizations to find a foothold in the developed markets. For instance, there is a cultural and language barrier in Europe and Europe is high on the radar of Indian pharmaceutical companies. The sheer heterogeneity of Europe and the fragmented nature of its pharmaceutical market make acquisitions an easy route for entry into this region and the US being the largest pharmaceutical market in the world will always interest the Indian pharma companies for its sheer size. (Shukla 2006) The acquisitions of RPG Aventis (by Ranbaxy) and Alpharma (by Cadila) in France are clear examples of acquisitions proving to be a drain on the companys profitability and return ratios for several years post acquisition. In several other cases acquisitions by Indian generic companies are small and have been primarily to expand geographical reach while at the same time, shifting production from the acquired units to their cost-effective Indian plants. A few have been to develop a bouquet of products. Other than Wockhardts acquisition of CP Pharma and Esparma, it has taken at least three years for the other global acquisitions to see break-even. Most of the acquiring companies have to pay greater attention to post merger integration as this is a key for success of an acquisition and Indian companies have to wake up to this fact. Also, with the increasing spate of acquisitions, target valuations have substantially increased making it harder for Indian companies to fund. In January 2009, Pfizer entered into a merger agreement with Wyeth valued at US$68 billion. The deal is to be financed through a combination of cash, stock and debt. A consortium of banks will provide US$22.5 billion for the MA. In March 2009, Roche acquired the remaining 44 percent of Genentech shares for an all-cash US$46.8 billion deal. Prior to the deal, Roche raised US$39 billion through bond sales. In March 2009, Merck Co. acquired Schering-Plough in a cash-stock deal worth US$41.1 billion. The cash component includes US$9.8 billion from Mercks cash reserves and US$8.5 billion committed by JP Morgan Chase. (MA: Outlook for pharmaceuticals 2009) If a company was acquired for its RD pipeline and development projects or platform technology, in majority of cases, the acquiring company failed to derive full benefits and most of the projects were later discontinued or terminated. Diversified companies like Roche, JJ, Abbott and Novartis with devices, generics and diagnostic performed better as compared to pure pharmaceutical RD driven company like Pfizer and Merck. Strategies for successful MA The industrys experience shows that megamergers often do not produce the intended synergies, but rather tend to erode shareholder value and create major integration challenges, while not achieving improved new drug pipelines. (Alternatives to mega mergers 2009) Tetenbaum (1999) suggests an alternative set of seven key practices to assist with a successful merger or acquisition: Close involvement of Human Resources managers in the acquisition process; they should have a say in whether or not the deal goes ahead. Building organisational capacity by ensuring that close attention is paid to the retention and recruitment of employees during the acquisition. Ensuring that the integration is focused on achieving the desired effect (for example, cost savings), while at the same time ensuring that the core strengths and competences of the two companies are not damaged by the transition. Carefully managing the integration of the organisations cultures. Completing the acquisition process quickly, since productivity is harmed by the disorganisation and demoralisation that inevitably occur while the change is underway. Communicating effectively with everyone who will be affected by the change. Other authors agree that being truthful, open and forthright during an acquisition is vital in helping employees to cope with the transition. (Appelbaum 2000) Developing a clear, standardised integration plan. Tetenbaum cites the example of Cisco Systems, which, like GE Capital, makes large numbers of acquisitions and has been able to learn from its experiences and build up tried-and-tested processes for carrying them out successfully. (Tetenbaum 1999) Conclusion The companies may be heading towards more megamergers of the scale seen in the recent past or they may move towards smaller strategic acquisitions. Deals in the biotechnology sector could increase further as small and mid-size biotechnology companies become increasingly willing to enter into deals at value prices. Large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are scouting around for deals at much lower valuations, and the current trend of MA in generics is one to watch for in the future. Although there are many different opinions on precisely what causes so many mergers and acquisitions to fail, and on how these problems can be avoided, there are certain points that most analysts appear to agree on. It is widely accepted, for instance, that the human factor is a major cause of difficulty in making the integration between two companies work successfully. If the transition is carried out without sensitivity towards the employees who may suffer as a result of it, and without awareness of the vast differences that may exist between corporate cultures, the result is a stressed, unhappy and uncooperative workforce and consequently a drop in productivity.

Response To: Hiroshma By Berger :: essays research papers

In his essay "Hiroshima," John Berger examines the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. As he flips through the pages of the book Unforgettable Fire, he begins to relay his own views on the dropping of the A-bomb. Berger suggests his belief that it was an act of terrorism on the Japanese. While viewing the drawings, paintings, and descriptions the victimes of the A-bomb created, Berger starts forming his opinion on the tragedy. He eventually concludes that Japan was a victim of terrorism. However, unlike most terrorists who are from small countries, Japan's attacker was the most powerful nation in the world. America, the country that symbolizes peace and freedom, led the massacre on thousands of Japanese. Just as Berger states, when American children are taught about Hiroshima, the fact that it was unnecessary is ommitted. Never had I been urged to stop and comtemplate the question of why it happened. Likewise, never was this topic addressed in my history courses. In fact, I cannot remember one occassion when I was told of the innocent people who became victims of the attack. I, just as all American children, was taught that it was an important event in history. However,it was never once explained to me that it was important because it marked the largest terrorist act in history. As Berger composes his essay, he argues against things that everyone is told are wrong. However, he is one of the few who actually make the connection between the Hiroshima attack and terrorism. His argument is utterly flawless. He defines terrorism and then points out every aspect of this definition in the Hiroshima bombing. From the lack of necessity to the loss of thousands of innocent lives, the Hiroshima incident represents the model terrorist attack.

Euthanasia Essay - The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide

The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide      Ã‚   Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, "What am I going to do with the rest of my life?" to "When should I kill myself"?   With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life.   Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversial subject in the past few years.   Some states such as Oregon have passed laws which allow doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to patients who have less then six months to live.(Henin 1)   Other state have taken the opposite side.   I believe that if you are able to reason and think rationally you should decide whether to live or dir.   If not the people who know you best should make the decision.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If you are ever in a situation where you now you wil soon die the choice whether or not to kill youself should be your own.   I believe that doctorassisted suicide should not be controlled by the government, but should be apersonal choice based on the individual.   Many people could not imagine living in a hospital bed for the remainder of their lives.   They would rather die with dignity than live out the rest of their lives depandant on others.   The government thinks that they know what is best for the people. If everyone is an individuall, how can the government know what is best for everyone.   I feel that people shold make up thir own minds about what is best for them.   Joshua Haney worote an article on assisted suicide.   He says, "Everyday we make choices tha... ...rite,s "We all di.   Death is a part of life. Death is inevitable.   Why should each of us not have the right to choose when and how we did; and if we are in no position to do so, why shoulld those who know us best not be allowed to help? Why is it considered acceptable for sospital staff to indefinitely postpone death with machines and tubes and potent toxic pharmaceuticals, and not to help people go easily when their time has come?   Wher is the humanity in all this? (Kushner 3)          BIBLIOGRAPHY    Haney, Joshua, "RE: Assisted Suicide,"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.yahoo.com 4/16/96    A. Wilkie Kushner, MB-Reprinted from Letters to the Editor, Gobe & Mail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.yahoo.com    Hendin, Herbert, MD, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia:   Oregon Tries the Dutch Way,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wellness Web, The Patient's Network, www.yahoo.com

Ohm’s law Essay

An electronics factory needs resistors of 5 ohms and 15 ohms for a new electrical device. My task is to investigate how the resistance of a piece of wire depends on length and to find the length of the wire needed to make the required resistors, using only 4 volts. Introduction/Planning A selection of different wires made from constantan and nichrome and the usual laboratory apparatus will be available for me. Wire A – Constantan wire of approximate diameter 0. 3mm Wire B – Constantan wire of approximate diameter 0. 4mm Wire C – Constantan wire of approximate diameter 0. 3mm A constantan is an alloy whose resistance stays fairly constant when it becomes hot. In fact the resistance changes by less than 0. 5% even when the temperature rises by a few hundred degrees. Nichrome, along with other metals, is an alloy whose temperature does change appreciably when it becomes hot. Before starting my coursework, I have to find the variables in the experiment, safety aspects etc. I found that a number of things affect the resistance of a wire. Below is a list of factors and reasons why they affect the resistance of a wire. From this list of factors I have to make sure that these factors remain constant or excluded from the experiment. We are only investigating length but the other variables may change our outcomes. In electricity, resistance is the ratio of the potential difference (p. d. or voltage) across a conductor to the electrical current, which flows through it as a result. The unit of measurement is the ohm (O), this being the resistance of a conductor requiring a potential difference of 1 volt across its ends to produce a current of 1 ampere. For a given metal conductor at constant temperature the value is the same whatever the current (Ohm’s law), but rises if the temperature rises. Any conductor possessing resistance gives off heat when a current flows through it. Joule’s law describes this effect. Resistance occurs when the electrons travelling along the wire collide with the atoms of the wire. These collisions slow down the flow of electrons causing resistance. Resistance is a measure of how hard it is to move the electrons through the wire. Ohm’s law: The current flowing through a metal is proportional to the potential difference across it, provided that the temperature remains constant. We are going to use metals, which obey ohm’s law, metals which give us a constant value for resistance (gradient). Resistance (? ) = P. d across the wire (V) / Current through the wire (A) Current flows in an electric circuit in accordance with several definite laws. The basic law of current flow is Ohm’s law, named for its discoverer, the German physicist Georg Ohm. Ohm’s law states that the amount of current flowing in a circuit made up of pure resistances is directly proportional to the electromotive force impressed on the circuit and inversely proportional to the total resistance of the circuit. The law is usually expressed by the formula I = V/R, where I is the current in amperes, V is the electromotive force in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms Ohm’s law applies to all electric circuits for both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), but additional principles must be invoked for the analysis of complex circuits and for AC circuits also involving inductances and capacitances. A series circuit as on page 5, is one in which the devices or elements of the circuit are arranged in such a way that the entire current (I) passes through each element without division or branching into parallel circuits. When two or more resistances are in series in a circuit, the total resistance may be calculated by adding the values of such resistances. If the resistances are in parallel, the total value of the resistance in the circuit is given by the formula: In a parallel circuit, electrical devices, such as incandescent lamps or the cells of a battery, are arranged to allow all positive (+) poles, electrodes, and terminals to be joined to one conductor, and all negative (-) ones to another conductor, so that each unit is, in effect, on a parallel branch. The value of two equal resistances in parallel is equal to half the value of the component resistances, and in every case the value of resistances in parallel is less than the value of the smallest of the individual resistances involved. In AC circuits, or circuits with varying currents, circuit components other than resistance must be considered. If a circuit has a number of interconnected branches, two other laws are applied in order to find the current flowing in the various branches. These laws, discovered by the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, are known as Kirchhoff’s laws of networks. The first of Kirchhoff’s laws states that at any junction in a circuit through which a steady current is flowing, the sum of the currents flowing to the point is equal to the sum of the currents flowing away from that point. The second law states that, starting at any point in a network and following any closed path back to the starting point, the net sum of the electromotive forces encountered will be equal to the net sum of the products of the resistances encountered and the currents flowing through them. This second law is simply an extension of Ohm’s law. The application of Ohm’s law to circuits in which there is an alternating current is complicated by the fact that capacity and inductance are always present. Inductance makes the peak value of an alternating current lag behind the peak value of voltage; capacitance makes the peak value of voltage lag behind the peak value of the current. Capacitance and inductance inhibit the flow of alternating current and must be taken into account in calculating current flow. The current in AC circuits can be determined graphically by means of vectors or by means of the algebraic equation, in which L is inductance, C is capacitance, and f is the frequency of the current. The quantity in the denominator of the fraction is called the impedance of the circuit to alternating current and is sometimes represented by the letter Z; then Ohm’s law for AC circuits is expressed by the simple equation I = V/Z. We know that all instruments have an error on its measurement, so the way to work out the percentage error is: Percentage error = (error / measured value) i 100 Conduction in metals In metals, atoms contain protons, nucleus and lose electrons which orbit around the nucleus. Below, I have investigated conduction in metals and how they affect resistance. METAL LATTICE (Electrons move in a random direction. ) METAL LATTICE (Electrons with power pack in a particular direction. ) Variables Length: If the length of the wire is increased then the resistance will also increase as the electrons will have a longer distance to travel and so more collisions will occur. Due to this, the length increase should be proportional to the resistance increase. Thickness: If the wire’s thickness is increased the resistance will decrease. This is because of the increase in the space for the electrons to travel through. Due to this increased space between the atoms, there should be fewer collisions. The number of free electrons changes from one material to another. The size of the ions changes from one material to another, this affects the current and therefore affects the resistance. The arrangement and size of the atoms change from one material to another. So if there is a kink in the wire this will change the thickness of the wire. Temperature: If the wire is heated up the atoms in the wire will start to vibrate because of their increase in energy.

Count of Monte Cristo Character Analysis

The Count of Monte Cristo Character Analysis In the novel The Count of Monte Cristo, I read many events unfold. Edmond Dantes was a very happy and honest man. He has the perfect life, or so it seemed. On the day he was to be betrothed to Mercedes, three men tried to ruin his life. Dantes ended up in prison for fourteen years. Once he escaped prison, he sought revenge on those who lied to get him falsely accused of being a bonapartist agent. I think Edmond Dantes is the protagonist. He sees everyone for who they really are, he tries to get revenge while helping others, and he does not punish those who do not deserve it.People have many personalities, depending on who you are in the world; you might get treated better or worse. It’s all about rank, if someone have something someone else wants, chances are, he/she will not get treated fairly. When everyone else was keeping secrets, Edmund knew exactly what was going on. Edmund saw that the three men were trying to ruin him; there fore, he did to them what was done to him. â€Å"I†¦ have been taken by Satan into the highest mountain in the earth, and when there he†¦ said he to me, ‘Child of earth, what wouldst thou have to make the adore me? †¦ I replied, ‘Listen†¦ I wish to be Providence myself for I feel the most beautiful, noblest, most sublime thing in the world, is to recompense and punish. ’† (Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo) Edmund finally saw what he had they wanted, he would have had a beautiful wife and was about to get a great job. Revenge is not always the answer, but sometimes as people, we are left with no choice. Monte Cristo seeks revenge but he does not let the revenge blind him. While Monte Cristo was avenging his false accusation, he did not just hurt people, he also helped them.When Madame d’Villefort and her son Edward were in a carriage, it was being pulled by two â€Å"wild† horses. The carriage was out of control so Monte Cris to had his servant stop the carriage. Albert de Morcerf got captured by Luigi Vampa, a Roman bandit, and Monte Cristo saves Albert de Morcerf from getting killed. Monte Cristo did admit to going a little too far though. â€Å"He felt he has passed beyond the bounds of vengeance and that he could no longer say, ‘God is for and with me. ’† (Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo) Monte Cristo did not punish those who did not deserve to be punished.Monte Cristo is somewhat a fair person, he spares quite a few lives. When he was supposed to fight Albert to the death, he spared his life because Mercedes asked him to spare her son’s life. He almost caused the death of Valentine but then saved her from having to marry someone she did not love. One Monte Cristo reunites Valentine and Maximillian, they are happy because they van finally be together at last. â€Å"There is neither happiness nor misery in the world; there is only the comparison of one state with another, n othing more.He who has felt the deepest grief is best able to experience supreme happiness. † (Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo) Monte Cristo sought revenge because he was imprisoned for no reason, at all. Revenge is not always okay, but if someone hurts someone else that bad, it is very much needed. Everything happens for a reason and people cannot just hurt eachother and expect everything to be all rainbows and butterflies. There were three antagonists in this novel, and Edmund Dantes is not one of them. How would other people act if they got arrested and put in prison for no reason?

Forenisic Review Questions Essay

Review Questions 1. What are the three types of fingerprints found in the human population? How often does each occur? Loop, Whorl and Arch. Loop occurs in 60-65 percent of the population, Whorl occurs in 30-35 percent, and Arch only about 5 percent. 2. What is a medulla? What do forensic scientists use this for? A set of cells that runs through a hair. Forensic Scientists use this to distinguish animal hair from human hair. 3. What is a precipitin test? What is it used for? A precipitin test is a test to distinguish between animal and human blood. It is used to tell whether the blood found is from a human or animal. 4. What makes fingerprints individual? How do scientists match a fingerprint to a specific person? The individuality of fingerprints is due to ridge characteristics. They look for point-by-point comparisons in order to determine whether two fingerprints are the same. 5. How are fingerprints discovered at crime scenes? Devices like the RUVIS help to find fingerprints along with fingerprint powders. Critical Review Questions 1. Of the three types of physical evidence discussed in this module, which one do you think you would be most interested in working with in an investigation? Why? I think I would be most interested in working with blood. Working with blood would be interesting because you can gather a lot of information from the smallest of blood samples. Such as where the person was when the blood splattered from them and if it’s human or animal blood. 2. What do you think would be the most challenging aspect of collecting and analyzing hair samples? Why? I think the most challenging aspect of collecting and analyzing hair samples would be matching it to a particular person. I think this would be difficult because hair samples can vary in age and location. Plus studying hair is key because it can eliminate possible suspects based on its properties. Such as texture, length, color, and chemicals. 3. Why do you think forensic scientists study bloodstain patterns? What can be learned from them? Forensic scientists study bloodstain patterns to determine what took place at the crime scene. Things that can be learned is the direction the blood was traveling in, angle at  which the blood hit the surface, and it can help determine the spot where the blood came from. 4. Out of the types of evidence discussed in this module, which one do you think is the most important piece of evidence? Why? I think the most important piece of evidence is blood. Blood is the most important because it’s actual DNA that can link the exact person to a crime scene. Unlike hair blood is more reliable because it rules out other possible choices. 5. Why was the bite mark evidence so important in the Bundy case? If the case happened today, do you think investigators would have more information to work with? The bite mark evidence was so important because it was the only substantial piece of evidence that could prove Bundy committed the crimes. Investigators might have more information to work with maybe they would find fingerprints and hairs at the crime scenes with the proper equipment.

History from 1815 to 1848: a Review of What Hath God Wrought

History from 1815 to 1848: A Review of What Hath God Wrought Native Americans had been all throughout the United States in early history, keeping to themselves living their lives. Americans believed the Indians to be savage and not worth the life they lived and some thought they should be exterminated, however, there were those who had compassion that believed that the Indians should be converted to Christianity and then everything would be fine (23). Native Americans showed as much willingness as white people to participate in the market economy (48).The Indians figured out different ways to communicate with the whites so that they would be able to trade and barter with them effectively (27). It was rare for there to be unmarried farmers because it took both a man and woman to operate the farm effectively. Typically American farms were economically individualistic only being operated by the single nuclear family, not an extended kinship or communal enterprise (34). Almost all the fa rm families living activities were done within the household setting.They included production, consumption, birthing, child rearing, transmitting the fundamentals of reading, and caring for the sick and the old (36). The United States in 1815 resembled the economically developing countries of today in many ways because of their high birth rate and rapid population growth (43). After the battle of New Orleans it took four full weeks for the news to reach Washington. The news of Jackson’s victory came as a big relief to Madison. Under Madison’s presidency, his secretary of war John Armstrong dismissed the possibility of any invasion coming from Britain, so no preparations for defense were made (63).The British found their way to the public buildings of central Washington easily. They burned the capitol and the departments of state, war, navy, and treasury. It started to rain which helped put out the fires but not before the damage had been done (65). James Monroe had los t against Madison in the election for a seat in the House of Representatives and then again during the election for president. In March of 1811 Madison and Monroe reconciled their differences and became friends once again. After which Monroe became Madison’s â€Å"right-hand man†, and was appointed as secretary of war after the resignation of Armstrong.Monroe emerged from the war a convert to nationalism and was the people’s choice to become president after Madison (91). His inaugural address emphasized continuity with his Jeffersonian predecessors and the new republican nationalism (92). Monroe expected and wanted the one-party system to evolve into true nonpartisanship. However because almost all ambitious politicians joined the republican party, the other party ceased to have coherence (95). Relations between the United States and Spain turned out to be much more problematic than those with Britain.After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 eastern and western Flor ida still belonged to the Spanish empire cutting off the United States access to the Gulf of Mexico, which caused the limiting of economic development in the southwest (97). After the defeat of the Red Stick Creeks at Horseshoe Bend, Creek refugees fled into Florida. On November 12, 1817 troops under the command the command of General Edmond Gaines burned the Creek village of Fowltown on the Georgia side of the border and killed several villagers.On November 30 those who had been made homeless hit back hard, the warriors from Fowltown allied with escaped slaves and attacked a boat carrying forty soldiers and eleven of their dependents. These two events are what caused the first Seminole War to begin (98). The administration decided to turn things over to Jackson after the war had started. There was a letter from the president stating that Jackson needed to be informed that there were to be no attacks on Spanish occupied forts.However the letter never made it to Jackson, there is no specific reason for why it wasn’t delivered but it has been speculated that maybe the president changed his mind or that it should have been understood that the same rules applied to Jackson that had applied to the general in charge before him (99). Jackson took a thousand volunteer militiamen with him to Fort Scott, at the fort Jackson was able to obtain reinforcements but little provisions. After gaining provisions and having up to three-thousand soldiers, Jackson moved his army toward the east attacking and destroying village after village on his way (100).On April 6th Jackson’s army arrived at the Spanish fort of St Marks, here he demanded the commandant to surrender so he could prevent the fort from falling into the hands of the Indians and the blacks (101). In May Jackson heard rumors that Seminoles were gathering together at Pensacola, however the rumors were false but Jackson didn’t know that. Jackson welcomed the opportunity to move against the capitol of Spanish Florida, on his way he warned that if the city offered any resistance that any man found in arms would be put to death.The governor of Florida surrendered on May 28, 1818; Jackson proclaimed that Florida would be under American occupation until Spain provided sufficient troops there to control the border (102). The election of 1824 was the end of the nonparty politics and created the foundation for a new party system. An alliance between Adams and Clay formed the basis of the party called the National Republican which later became the Whig party. Followers of Jackson and Crawford’s would become known as the Democratic Republican and later as the Democratic Party (210).Adams ended up winning the election and became president with Calhoun as his vice president. The invention of the steamboat enhanced the advantages of water transportation, John Fitch had actually built the first American steamer but he couldn’t get any one to financially back the project and d ied in obscurity. Robert Fulton’s Clermont was the first commercially successful steamboat; it plied the Hudson River starting in 1807. Steamboats seemed to be the most valuable form of water transportation when traveling upstream on a river with a strong current.The invention of the steamboat reduced the amount of time it took to make a trip. Even after the invention of the steamboat many merchants continued to prefer sailing ships for ocean voyages because they didn’t have to have as much space for fuel for the longer trips (215). On July 4, 1826 the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson died in his home hours before old adversary and friend John Adams. As Adams was dying he said â€Å"Thomas Jefferson still survives†, but he was mistaken in his remark because in all actuality Jefferson had died first.With the deaths of these two men that meant that only one of the original signers of the declaration was still alive, Charles Carroll an eighty-nine year old man from Maryland was all that was left of those who had signed the declaration (243). In September of 1814 during the most serious invasion of the War of 1812, commander of the British nave General George Prevost suddenly ordered the army to withdraw after the battle at Plattsburg. Captain William Miller only had one theory for the withdraw assuming that it was a form of divine intervention.After the war Miller went back to his farm and would study the Bible every chance he got. Due to his lack of knowledge in Hebrew and Greek he used a mixture of ingenuity and common sense to help interpret it (289). While interpreting the scripture in Daniel he believed he was given the key to predicting the future. The verse read â€Å"Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed†, Miller read days to mean years and the cleansing of the sanctuary to mean the second coming of Christ to judge the world.Miller felt as though he had experienced a calling from God and in 1831 he began to preach about his finding. He had done the calculations and estimated that the event would occur sometime between March 1843 and April of 1844 (290). When the target year expired on April 18th Miller publicly apologized for his mistake, but his followers were not ready to give up on the theory. One follower Samuel Snow recalculated and decided that the correct date of Christ’s return would be the next Jewish Day of Atonement, October 22, 1844.The followers were convinced that it had to be right this time so they paid their debts, quit their jobs, and left their crops needing to be harvested in their fields. All waited on that day for the world to actually end only to find that it was all a hoax the day became known as the â€Å"Great Disappointment† (291). On March 4, 1829; Andrew Jackson was dressed in black at his presidential inauguration because his wife Rachel had suffered had suffered a heart attack on December, 17 and had died five days after.Jackson had blamed her death on his political enemies because during his presidential campaign his and Rachel’s relationship had been made an issue. The depressed and bitter president-elect managed to avoid having to attend the celebration that had been planned to welcome him to Washington. He refused to pay the customary courtesy call on the outgoing president, who reciprocated by not attending Jacksons inaugural (329). It was estimated that Jackson removed nine-hundred and nineteen federal officials during his first year in office.By the time Congress assembled in December of 1829; Jackson had already removed thirteen district-attorneys, nine marshals, twenty-three registers and receivers, and twenty-five customs collectors replacing them all with recess appointments. At first the removals were routinely justified with accusations of malfeasance, Jackson leader’s dresses up their patronage policy as a reform of the corruption the alleged had prevailed under Monroe and Adams (333). Indian removal was a major issue during the first year of Jackson’s administration.Although Jackson avoided committing himself on the tariff of internal improvements, his favoring of rapid removal was well know and accounted for his popularity in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The issue involved Indian tribes all over the country, but the ones with the most to lose were the civilized tribes which included the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and the Seminoles. These people practiced agriculture and animal husbandry and still processed substantial domains in the Deep South states plus in Tennessee, North Carolina, and the Florida Territory (342).The Indian removal bill took high priority in the Jackson’s legislative agenda. Both getting the bill to pass and the latter enforcement of it took Jackson’s full attention. However the Indian removal bill called for another round of treaty-making, intended to secure the complete removal of the Indians to west of the Mississippi (347). The president signed Indian removal into law on May 28, 1830. Jackson wasted no time implementing his favorite measure. While the nations focus was on Georgia and the Cherokees, he sent John Coffee and Secretary of War Eaton to Mississippi to obtain the removal of the Choctaws (352).The efforts the commenced secured the treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September 27, 1830. Some Choctaws in the forests of eastern Mississippi contrived to avoid the government’s attention until 1918, the majority were forced to move to Oklahoma. The first large party of Choctaws crossed the Mississippi River during the severe winter of 1831-32 (353). The word telegraph was used to describe long-distance optical signaling, by the 1820’s the word telegraph had become a popular name for newspapers.In May of 1844 politicins were eager to learn news from the party conventions taking place in Baltimore, help was at hand because in March of 1843 congress had finally passed an appropriation for Samuel Finley Breese Morse to demonstrate an electromagnetic telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore (691). Unlike the telephone, invented later in the nineteenth century, the telegraph was used more for commercial purposes rather than social (696). After the Texan gained their independence from Mexico they signed a treaty with the United States, which basically said that they would become their erritory once more and would eventually become a state under the union. Several years later the United States annexed Texas back into the country. Mexico took offense to this even though Texas had already had their revolution, starting the Mexican American war. The War was from 1846 to 1848 when the United States and Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande would be the territory border which resulted in the end of the war. Society had come a long way in the years between 1815 and 1848, from advancement in techno logies and the rapid changes in the federal government.Jackson changed everything during his presidency, going the complete opposite of those who had served before him. Many of his actions during his time as president would account for legislation created later on. Technological innovations like the steamboat made carrying cargo much easier and cut down the time it took to deliver. As well as the telegraph and its ability to relay messages from father away much sooner than a messenger on horse. Also during this time the United States expanded an annexed more states into the union making the country bigger.

Journal Writing Essay

Week 1 – Reflective Journal This was my first day in class for the unit Co Ordinate the Work Environment. Amongst the class mates each one introduced the self to others, and Adrian as a teacher for the unit introduced himself to all of us. Today’s lecture was based on housekeeping and overview of unit outline. I learned about different ways to contribute and practise effective workplace practises. I also learned about different leadership styles. I felt good throughout the class as I was an active participant in all topics. I felt good about taking on the knowledge about learning and sustaining workplace ethics and self morale. I believe that this knowledge will help during my job times. Week 2 – Reflective Journal In today’s session I learned about developing and implementing work plans. The idea behind is to integrate into and build a healthy, trustworthy and reliable relationship with colleagues. I listened the whole session carefully, gave my opinion at right time and respected to the opinion shared by other students. I also learned about how at a workplace we can maximise the performance and outcomes and yes how can i forget the amazing organisational theories, boring but important. I took proper notes throughout the session and kept myself attentive till the end. Week 3 – Reflective journal In this week’s class I learned about implementing various strategies to ensure that the communication in a workplace is effective. I think the information was very necessary to develop my own level of understanding of initiating and sustaining a healthy communication amongst colleagues. I also learned about different ways of resolving the conflicts at the workplace if and when they arise. I personally would always be proactive about it however at any times if i do face any such conflicts then the knowledge that I received today will help a lot. Week 4 – Reflective Journal This week Adrian told us about workplace environment in regards of the resistance, different ways to deal with it and how we can bring a change in an organisation. I think this week’s session was very important from the academic perspective but also will help me in future in my carrier. I was active throughout the session. We also talked about the decision making process that takes place in everywhere and i felt good about that how important all this info was. Week 5 – Reflective Journal This week’s class was the interesting one because i learned about how important it is to always add on to our existing skills and knowledge by undertaking various training workshops related to same work. It was good to learn that taking such training lessons keeps us synchronised with the latest in the world and that these should not be neglected. Then we were also taught about different ways how we can monitor our own progress and appraisals. I felt this week’s session was very important and the knowledge delivered will help me in future. Week 6 – Reflective Journal This week was an important time in class as i had my first assignment for this unit due. The assignment was to make a report on the overview of any organisation related with the same sector. While making the assignment and reflecting on various areas of the organisation i realised that it included mostly a lot of things that we covered in class and i was glad because i already had them in my mind and my notes.

The Politics of Higher Education Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Politics of Higher Education - Article Example I had taken part in various peace and conflict resolution meetings before I transferred to Argosy University. While studying at Argosy University I had a nasty experience. The psychology program advisor was not open and did not disclose a whole lot of information, which might be helpful to students in terms of their academic and professional progress. Within a short period of time the senior administrators were substituted for new ones. New president exercised his power in a way that did not prevent the university from becoming more bureaucratic, it was rather the other way round. Primary value was placed on increasing students’ matriculation and students were being only trained to get to the Hawaii’s military (Loss, 2011, p. 294). To bring change, many believed was needed, we organized several peace and conflict resolution symposiums during my course of study. I tried to collect what was happening on the ground at the catholic charities, the field which I had focused o n during my attachment. I faced certain resistance and was asked to wait. I later received a letter stating that I had failed the diagnostic practicum and the relevant authorities had been served accordingly. From then on I received poor grades and eventually I lost my job as a Recovery Coach with Paradise Recovery in Hawaii Kai. I got the letter stating that my health provider of coverage was about to expire. I was also issued with a last check of unused vacation time. Later I was dismissed from school and was never given an opportunity to state the reasons why I wanted to change my academic supervisor. During the series of meetings I attended to discuss my case, everything that was put forth under discussion was marred by those in authority. I was asked intimidating questions and I felt belittled, hence, I could not fight for myself without biased-free attitude from those

International business strategic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International business strategic - Assignment Example One of the most important influences of globalization has been upon technological innovation and the necessity of collaborating resources to gain competitive advantages. The changes in the technological front have facilitated better utilization of resources and overcome the barriers associated with lack of resources. As a result many nations were successful in overcoming their economic weaknesses and produce in a more effective manner. Many consider globalization to be a phenomenon associated with growth and prosperity. Globalization also includes interaction of cultures, social values, political aspects and flow of ideas and information between different nations. The concept of globalization is a debatable aspect. It has impacted different nation in diverse ways. The free flow of capital and resources has facilitated bringing together the developed nations and has integrated them more strongly. Many developing nations displayed a steady rate of growth while many had lost their competitiveness and displayed lagging trends of economic prosperity. There exists a large degree of heterogeneity in the impacts of globalization across nations. In many nations it was observed that globalization led to increasing the gap existing between the rich and the poor nations. Similar factors have also impacted the manner in which multinational enterprises in developed and developing nations function and grow. Developed economy multinational enterprises (DMNEs) are seen to procure greater advantages and grow more rapidly than the emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Multinational enterprises keep looking for innovative ways of doing business by procuring new ideas, suppliers, resources and customers. MNEs from developed nations are able to do achieve growth more easily due to their immense financial capabilities. On the other hand multinational organizations in the developing nation are required to struggle more to achieve growth and competitiveness. The current

Political cultures of texas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political cultures of texas - Research Paper Example This culture establishes the outer boundary of all the possibilities within the political dominion. According to ‘Texas Politics, today’ (Maxwell et al., pp. 20-39), the political culture of Texas consists of three sub-cultures: traditional, individualistic, and moralistic. The individualistic culture stresses minimum government intervention that should be limited to safeguarding individual rights while other social and political relationships should be upon private sector. One the other hand, moralistic political culture urges government intervention in social and economic matters for the well-being of the people and general welfare. Traditional subculture, however, has a different viewpoint. It states that since the political power lies in the hands of the dominating or elite group therefore role of the government should be limited to maintaining the social order and tradition. The traditional subculture dominates in East Texas while other subcultures dominate in the r est of Texas. The political culture and philosophy is elaborated under three philosophical streams: classical liberalism, social conservation, and populism. Firstly, Classical liberalism’ focus is to place political value on political measures which helps an individual to exercise full liberty until and unless others are not limited by it. It often forms opposition to the use of the government to attain social goals. They press for the market forces or private motives to provide the best outcome. Moreover, historically Texas also supported religious acceptance for civil liberties for both individualism and entrepreneurship. One of the classic examples of reputation in Texas is H. Ross Perot (political candidate and rich businessperson). Other examples also include Willie Nelson and several Texans who disobeyed social values, rejected the acceptance of race and gender like Barbara Jordan (Maxwell et al., pp. 23-25). Social conservatism came out of classical conservatism viewed liberalism with distrust and appreciated traditional hierarchical social relations. This has rooted in feudal English and European thinking. Moreover, in contemporary forms, the idea of government intervention to reinforce social relations is very well substantiated by the social conservatives. They value traditional practices such as religious beliefs and respect traditional authorities, which can include business or religious leaders. While on the other hand, socially conservatism continues to influence within Democratic Party since decades although their ideology is under the ideas of Republican Party. Populism, the third category, is concerned with well being of ordinary people and has both political and social dimensions. Popular will is the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong in political position. The idea of Populism supports government politically in managing society and the economy. Populism depends on the style and rhetorical appeal to its audience rather than on the content of the policies of the political candidates. Populism can also take socially conservative forms in its support to the political leader. Thus, populism has different positions to support, which depend on the context. Moreover, it ignores the traditional views

The Value of Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 84

The Value of Philosophy - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the knowledge it aims at is the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of science, and the one which results from a critical examination of the grounds of our conviction, prejudices, and beliefs. As the study outlines there has been widespread concern that philosophy as a field is shrouded in a great deal of doubt, and therefore, pursuit of knowledge along a path that is not so clear becomes an exercise in futility. However, the reporter should point out that although we might seek â€Å"veritable† answers, these answers are mostly subject to other constraints like customs and beliefs, opinions and inclinations among others, and therefore, â€Å"right† answers may be rendered not very certain in their truth when subjected to the criterion of proof. Thus, as stated in Russell’s work, the uncertainty of philosophy is largely more apparent than real. He admits that several questions, like ones pertaining to spiritual life whose comprehension are beyond the human intellect. To reinforce this view of state of affairs, J. L. Mackie in his work says that the theologian â€Å"must now be prepared to believe, not merely what cannot be proved, but what can be disp roved from other believes he also holds†¦ this is because the theologian can maintain his position as a whole only by a much more rejection of reason.†

THE PERIPATOS COULD NOT HAVE LOOKED LIKE THAT, AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL Research Paper

THE PERIPATOS COULD NOT HAVE LOOKED LIKE THAT, AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES FROM STUDENT GAME DESIGN - - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, the current approach to learning among youngsters is highly related with the use of technology, unlike the learners of the previous century who rarely had the opportunity to see, let alone use computer technology in their studies. Individuals who can flash memories of popular tunes or feel the impact of cutting edge technologies in entertainment have undoubtedly been accustomed to the use of â€Å"video games,† though in different ways. As a result they have transformed memories of significant social events in history remain etched on the minds of the viewers and consumers. Videogames offer an innovative sense of conventions, which are inevitably being assimilated at a very high speed by children in their early childhood (Shelton, & Wiley, 2007). Their mental development would definitely mature faster to reflect what is presented in the video games, just as the perception of the current geriatrics were influenced by the advent of television toward the mid-twentieth century. The current technological innovation is more complex than the advent of television, however. With video games, children are set to gain more cognitive skills in their attempt to not only become well-conversant with playing the game, but in identifying what actually make the games tick. As a result, current crop of children will be screen manipulators rather than screen watchers. The combination of educational material to entertainment content or edutainment has been well taken care of under videogames. The current generation of learners has already triggered the development of a persuasive, attractive and entertaining mode of education. According to Shelton and Wiley (2007) if the learning facilities and classrooms in particular were to lack entertainment tools, children would not learn as well. Some would be reluctant to stay in school or concentrate in class for

Criminological Theories A comparison Between Control Theories and Essay

Criminological Theories A comparison Between Control Theories and Scocial control Theories of Crime - Essay Example The social control they describe is not through Laws, but through Beliefs and societal Norms. However, these norms could later evolve into Laws, ethics, Etiquettes and Customs . The Control is effected through establishing conformity and compliance to these norms. SOCIAL CONTROL THEORIES are viewed along two perspectives. The Macro social and Micro social perspectives . The Macro Social Perspective examines the Formal Control Systems which include the Legal systems, Law enforcers, lobbies which influence laws, which exercise control over the society. Micro Social Perspective, studies the INFORMAL control systems. exercised by Families, religious and educational institution and peer groups. This Informal control manifests as Bonding ,Re Integrative Shaming, Attachment, and Learning through Role Models. The control theories focus on a person's Relationship to their parents, teachers, parish priests and coaches who act as agents of socialization -.A child's Effective interaction with these agents translates into bonds with society.(Hirschi1960) Control Theories study the internalization of Moral codes and the stakes and ties in the community the individuals develops, which make them to voluntarily limit their deviant behaviour.These are Informal controls exercised by social and familial bonds. It is more a "self concept". The most influential among the Control Theories are, John Bolwlby 's Attachment Theory, Travis Hirschi's Social Bonds Theory , the Age Graded Life course Theory of Sampson and Laube and the General Theory of Crime by Gottferson and Hirschi (1999) The Control Theory of Delinquency was presented by Travis Hirsche in 1969. It emerged from the Social Disorganisation Theory (Western Criminology Review)which was slowly losing its prestige at that time. Hirschi took his cue from this theory which held that Disorganised communities generate crime as informal social controls have broken down.It was John Bowlby who first floated the emotional aspect in social control in his Attachment Theory in 1969.Hirschi synthesizes both these perspectives . Hirschi's Control Theory posits that it is not so much the Individual's personality, but his social Relationships and social bonds which determine the deviance or conformity of his Behaviour. Absence of Control exercised by those bonds left him free to weigh the profits against risk . Attachment to others make him less likely to be deviant. Both Hirschi and Bowlby stress Parental upbringing in instilling socialization. The accrual of emotional investment by parents develops Empathy in the individual , which heightens his control and help him to Desist from acts violating the conventions. .The other Control theories, The General Theory of Crime, The Age Graded Life Course Theory that followed, acknowledged the SELF concept .They explained how at a Micro perspective, Informal social bonds which are at first external, become internalized . Gottferson and Hirschi (1990) , and later,Sampson and Laube (1993)in their Age Graded Life Course Perspective said that there is a relationship of causes between the later deviant behavior and the

Two Page Paper on The tragic Massacre at VA Tech to be completed in Essay

Two Page Paper on The tragic Massacre at VA Tech to be completed in APA format - Essay Example He was even investigated by the police twice after apparently stalking fellow two students (Griffin, 2007). After expressing suicidal tendencies to his roommate who reported the incident, he was diagnosed as â€Å"an imminent danger to himself or others as a result of mental illness† and â€Å"incapable of volunteering or unwilling to volunteer for treatment† and was ordered by the Montgomery County to be an outpatient of Cook Counseling Center, which is located on-campus (CNN, 2007; Setrakian and Shaylor, 2007). The question now is, did he go for treatment? The answer is most probably â€Å"no† as people failed to follow up on this (Setrakian and Shaylor, 2007). Hence, they failed to recognize the signs and symptoms of a violent breakdown. With so many people knowing that there is something wrong with Cho , with the police having already investigated him—not once, but twice—and with a court-ordered psychiatric treatment, how did they miss his violent tendencies? Why was the proper intevention not applied to him? How was he able to legally purchase two guns? The answer to these questions lies in the fact that professors, administrators, law enforcement officers, the state court, and other government departments failed to communicate with each other. The bottom line is that â€Å"no one knew all the information and no one connected all the dots† (New Scientist, 2007). Each was holding an important piece of the puzzle; however, there was no communication between them and so, the pieces remained isolated from each other. For instance, the police failed to communicate to campus authorities about their investigation of Cho; likewise, the court neglected to let the university know of their diagnosis and decision. These related incidents were also not inputted into the National Instant Criminal Background Check System; this is why

Conservation vs. Preservation Essay Example for Free

Conservation vs. Preservation Essay To whom it may concern My name is Michelle lane I am writing this letter to share my thoughts about preserving the Bridger Teton. This big stretch of land has not been affected by human technology. It has been preserved in its natural state. It is important to us as human beings. This stretch of land has a lot of trees, wild animals, and wild vegetation that call this stretch of land home. We cannot disturb it in the name of progress. We need to make sure we preserve this land so it can flourish and remain the same, untouched by technology and humans who want to mine it for resources. I agree that we need resources to sustain our lives and how we live it, but there are other ways to do so. Understandably we do not want to rely on other countries to supply us with the resources that we need but if we need to understand that we cannot deplete all the land that we have available to us. We have to think of the future and what we are going to leave for the growing generation. Eventually we will use up all the resources that we have and we would have to rely on other countries to help us. Wouldn’t it be better that while we have available resource we find a better way of getting what we need without destroying valuable land? What we need to do is find other ways to make sure we sustain our life style. For now I believe we need to rely on other countries to meet our needs and while we are doing that we need to develop other ways or find other resources. Saving the Bridger Teton will ensure that the wild life, trees and vegetation that live there will continue to flourish, they will continue to grow hopefully our children and future generations will be able to benefit and be able to appreciate the land that we try so hard to protect. Maybe in the future there will be more lands like the Bridger Teton that was protected and saved so the future generations can benefit from it. Conservation versus Preservation: To whom it may concern, My name is Michelle lane I am writing this letter to share my thought about the Bridger Teton area. I think it is a big piece of land that can be put in  to use to help our nation. I believe that we need to make sure these lands are saved but I also believe that we can use some of this land to mine, plant on, or see if we can find oil. This will lessen our dependence from other countries. Imagine an America that does not rely on other countries for their oil or any other resources that we would need to live. Not only would we get it for a cheaper price but we can supply other countries with resources and we can be financialy indipendant as well. We can still save a part of the land for preservation for the wild life and vegetation, but we will benefit more by putting the land to use. We can first research the land to see if we can use the resources found in it for human use. The four steps that we are going to use for this hazard assessment is Hazard Identification, Dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. We need to test the soil, vegetation, animals and water to make sure it is safe and there are no harmful bacteria living in the area that could harm humans. This kind of assessment will help us asses which areas are safe for human use and resource mining. The areas that we find that are not as safe or would not be beneficial should be preserved and let it stay the way it is for the future generations to enjoy. This a good way to have both world we have the lands we can use for gathering resources so we can be a more independent country and the lands we want to save for the future generations to enjoy. In the end I believe we will run out of resources and we will have to still rely on other countries to supply us with what we will need to sustain our daily lives and keep it the way it is. While we can we should try to supply our own resources. America is a big place there is room to preserve and also land that we can use to help us live independently.

How does Edger Allan Poe Use Language to Create a Sense of Drama Intention Essay Example for Free

How does Edger Allan Poe Use Language to Create a Sense of Drama Intention Essay The Tell Tail Heart, by Edger Allan Poe, is a novel in which tension and expectation play essential roles to the readers experience. The audience, generally well educated widely read adults, would appreciate this novel as a recollection of a clearly insane man. In order to tell you the whole story Poe has written somewhat of an early psychological thriller, creating a mental portrait of a mad protagonist, who details the killing of an old man, and later hears his victims relentless heartbeat. The opening sets up a contrast of sanity versus insanity, creating a psychological chaos that enraptures the reader. Drama intention is portrayed through a variety of ways, all working cohesively with one another to create an over all sense of embossed insanity and powerful emotion. The way in which the opening is written gives the reader an immediate clue to the mental state of the protagonist. The very first line; True! nervous very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? uses all three tenses within one shortened period. This reflects the narrators excitement, suggesting that his mind is jittery, jumping about with different thoughts and ideas. An elevated use of punctuation reinforces this effect, as it means the text does not flow, creating sentence fragmentation, allowing the reader to comprehend the elevated mental state of the protagonist. It is not yet made clear to the reader as to why the narrator is excited in this manner, he appears to be worked up about something, causing the reader to grow curious and excited themselves about the prospect of finding out what is causing his fuss. Poe has used the tactic of withholding information strongly within the first paragraph, causing the monologue to become somewhat of a gradual revelation. This allows Poe to hold the reader in suspense, consequentially creating a heightened level of dramatic tension. Written in a first person narrative, it is made very clear that the monologue is of the form of a speech to the reader. This effect is achieved by the extensive use of punctuation and colloquial terminology. As it is a monologue, there is a suggestion or effect that he is confessing his thoughts to the reader. This means that the piece is almost as if we can see into the mind of the protagonist. Allowing the reader to see a unique view of the thoughts and feelings of another. The form of the text is not over zealous or important, however the contrast of the content and the form is very clear. The piece is written in standard, respectable paragraphed prose, contrasting the disturbing and gruesome content of the novel. The language employed, and the literary devices it is used within, is the primary way in which Poe has succeeded in creating this suspenseful piece. Punctuation is used to great effect, embellishing the sentences to create the narrative confession of the protagonist. Extensive use of exclamation marks, hyphens, and semi colons are all relied upon to create sentence fragments and colloquial, broken text. The reader is given an immediate sense of excitement and instability; in True! nervous- very very dreadfully nervous. This suggests that the protagonist is jumpy and in a chaotic mental state. As an opening this proves to be attention gauging, as the reader is unaware of the motive for excitement. This is extended throughout by a heightened use of fragmentation through hyphens. The line, Sharpened my senses not destroyed not dulled them reiterates the form of a monologue, reinforcing the idea of speech to the reader, using the sentence fragment as a chance to find some self affirmation. Therefore the reader is allowed to see the within the mind of the criminal, giving them a unique insight to the way he thinks allowing greater involvement and understanding from the reader. This is an unlikely experience as the protagonist shows signs of mental instability and therefore would create a very interesting subject for the reader to asses from a psychological point of view. An extensive vocabulary and heightened lexis is employed throughout the piece, suggesting that the piece is aimed at the well educated adult. The majority of the novel is comprised of Standard English, with a small number of colloquialisms spread throughout, allowing the protagonist to appear both educated and well-spoken. This creates an interesting contrast to his actions, as it is not the norm to have well educated, (supposedly well judged and reasoned) people committing a very irrational act such as murder. The monologue is written in the form of a conventional novel, but primarily in the form of a narrative first person. Hints of confession to the audience are found, intertwined with the use of direct address, with colloquial terms such as Ha! and the use of rhetorical questions, for example why will you say that I am mad? Poe has used these devices to thoroughly involve the audience within the piece. The result of this is that the reader is manipulated to feel like part of the story and therefore feel the tension created at a greater effect. Poe has employed various forms of imagery within the piece. He describes that the hinges creaked on the old wooden door. This is a little clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d however acts very successfully in creating a picture within the mind of the reader. This is done by almost sub-consciously relating back to childrens stories, where an old creaking door would make the entrance to a spooky castle in which an evil witch lived. This very definite image of the eerie or spooky, reinforces that the novel is somewhat of a refined horror. Creaking doors are often used to create a dramatic atmosphere, and Poe has clearly played on this link and used it to his advantage to create a scary situation for the reader. Animal imagery, coupled with an extended metaphor is also used to great effect. It is suggested that the old man that is to be killed is in possession of an evil eye. This eye becomes the protagonists excuse for killing the man, and so it is capitalised upon as a reason. This develops into an extended metaphor when it is referred to as a vulture eye and later, it is suggested that his eye resembled that of a vulture. A vulture is an animal commonly associated with evil and malice. This provokes a similar reaction or opinion of the old man from the narrator, however the reader is still left considering the sanity of the protagonist, and therefore is more reluctant to hold the same opinion as him over the justification of killing the old man. The irrational killing about to happen is used to put the reader on edge, creating intense suspension and a heightened expectation of the approaching events. Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s provide an interesting platform on which Poe entertains the reader. My blood ran cold, provides a very clear sense of the emotional situation of the protagonist. This allows us to observe the effect that the eye has on the narrator. Blood ran cold suggests fear and apprehension, as this is a very human emotion, the reader has a rare chance to sympathise with the protagonist. This is somewhat ironic as the narrator is very far from the stereotypical hero, and yet the reader is ready to find an appealing quality in the character. In order to interpret the piece properly the reader must pay close attention to both the syntax and the repetition of language, used conjunctively to create a dramatic effect. Object there was none, passion there was none is a primary example. The repetition of none creates a very distinctive rhythm, whilst the double use of five syllable sentence fragments forms a very recognisable syntax. In this case it creates a sense of ruthlessness and suggests that the protagonist will stop at nothing in order to achieve his goal. Repetition of closed in closed closed creates emphasis on the words, displaying to the reader his self affirmation that his actions are good. This is reinforced by the use of oh so cunningly making it clear that (in his opinion) he is very skilled at what he is doing, and consequentially commending his efforts. This is further enhanced by the narrators egocentricity. Use of I is extensive throughout, (which is partially natural during a monologue) however, it is used to such an extent that the reader is led to believe that the protagonist is almost obsessed with himself and his own actions, reiterating the previous suggestion of psychological instability. The author has included various forms of irony within the novel. The narrator is seen inquiring how he (the old man) had passed the night explaining how he asks the old man how his night was even though he already knows, seen as he was there and watching him in his sleep. This involves the reader as they feel as if they are let in on a secret (seen as they know that the narrator was with the man last night) making the reader feel involved as they are aware of a secret of which another character is not raising tension and expectation. Further use of direct address to the reader, is that narrator suggests to the reader that you fancy me mad. This forces audience intervention, we are expected to assume, or are at least are accused of assumption that the narrator is mad. This means that the audience are forced to participate, further involving the reader within the story. By this statement Poe has grouped the reader with the rest of the characters within the novel, suggesting they are a collective of people who doubt his sanity. This is in fact true as the protagonist is clearly insane. Syntax plays a key role in the way in which this novel is read. It is clearly set, and easily recognisable throughout the text, varying in both tempo and patterning. Definite patterns in language are used; I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. creating a very obvious rhythm in which the words are read, also further enforcing the very bleak and ruthless appearance to his actions. The Tell-Tale Heart, a horror story of crime and murder, can easily be recognised as a heavily dramatic novel. Poe, In consequence to the timing in which it was written, has created a strongly macabre piece, that in its day was probably very horrific and shocking. The way in which society has adapted to accept more and more gruesome revelations means that this tale may not be so shocking to the modern day reader, but was quite a feat in its time. It is however, still evident that the novel, in particular the opening, contains many devices employed in conjunction with one another to create a sense of drama intention. This is used to great effect, causing the reader to appreciate the dramatics of the novel, whilst becoming deeply involved with the plot.